Question 1

When considering Cloud and Transport orchestration, evaluate whether the following statement is true or false: NFVO is to Cloud what SDN is to Transport.

Accepted Answer

A

Explanation: The statement presents a false analogy. The NFV Orchestrator (NFVO) and Software-Defined Networking (SDN) Controller operate at different architectural layers and fulfill distinct functions. The NFVO is a service-level orchestrator within the ETSI NFV MANO framework, responsible for the end-to-end lifecycle management of Network Services (NS). It orchestrates resources across multiple domains. In contrast, an SDN Controller is an infrastructure-level controller that directly manages and programs the data plane of the transport network. A more accurate analogy would be: "The Virtualized Infrastructure Manager (VIM) is to Cloud what the SDN Controller is to Transport," as both are responsible for managing their respective infrastructure resources.

Question 2

What are the five key features of 5G Core?

Accepted Answer

D

Explanation: The 5G Core (5GC) architecture is built on five fundamental principles that enable its flexibility, scalability, and support for diverse services. These are: 1. Control and User Planes Separation (CUPS): Decouples the control plane (signaling) from the user plane (data traffic), allowing them to be scaled, located, and managed independently. 2. Service Based Architecture (SBA): Redesigns the control plane as a set of modular Network Functions (NFs) that expose their functionalities and consume services from other NFs via well-defined APIs, promoting agility and reusability. 3. Multi-Access-Network: Provides a unified core that supports both 3GPP access (e.g., 5G New Radio) and non-3GPP access (e.g., Wi-Fi, fixed-line) technologies seamlessly. 4. State-efficiency: NFs are designed to be stateless, meaning they separate processing logic from user session data (state), which is stored in a centralized data repository. This enhances resilience, scalability, and simplifies cloud-native deployments. 5. Network Slicing: Allows for the creation of multiple, isolated, end-to-end virtual networks on a common physical infrastructure, each tailored to specific service requirements (e.g., latency, bandwidth).

Question 3

What is the best solution for deploying an optimal network function distribution?

Accepted Answer

C

Explanation: The optimal distribution of network functions is achieved by leveraging a distributed cloud architecture. This involves placing Virtual Network Functions (VNFs) across multiple, geographically dispersed cloud data centers—from the central core to the network edge. A crucial component of this model is an orchestration platform, which automates the lifecycle management of these VNFs. The orchestrator intelligently places, scales, and heals VNFs based on real-time network conditions, service requirements (e.g., latency, bandwidth), and resource availability. This orchestrated, multi-site approach ensures optimal performance, high availability, and resource efficiency, which is the central goal of Network Function Virtualization (NFV) in modern telecommunications.

Question 4

The network of the future is the key to supporting the digitization and automation of many
industries. This network should support diverse requirements from different applications using it. To
do that, the network should have a new architecture. Which of the following best describe the
elements of the new 5G end-to-end network architecture?

Accepted Answer

D

Explanation: The 5G end-to-end network is designed as a holistic system to meet diverse industrial demands. This architecture, often termed the "Future X" network by Nokia Bell Labs, is built on five key pillars. It begins with Massive Scale Access to converge all wireless and wired technologies. This is connected via a Smart Network Fabric, an SDN-controlled IP/Optical transport layer. The Universal Adaptive Core provides a common, cloud-native control and user plane for all access types. This core is deployed across a Multi-cloud environment (edge, regional, central) to optimize latency and processing. The entire system is managed by an Automation and Analytics layer, enabling zero-touch operations and dynamic network slicing to serve different applications efficiently.

Question 5

Which of the following statements are applicable to the technology of massive MIMO? (Select 3)

Accepted Answer

A, B, D

Explanation: Massive MIMO (Multiple-Input Multiple-Output) is a key 5G technology that uses a large number of antennas at the base station. Its primary benefit is spatial multiplexing, which allows for the transmission of several independent data streams to different users simultaneously on the exact same frequency resources (A). This is enabled by precoding techniques that shape the transmitted signals, making the effective communication channels to different users nearly orthogonal, thus preventing the data streams from interfering with each other (B). While spatial multiplexing increases data rates in good conditions, massive MIMO systems can also employ transmit diversity in poor radio conditions. In this mode, the same data is sent across multiple antennas to improve signal reliability and robustness (D).

Question 6

What is the Unstructured Data Storage Function (UDSF)?

Accepted Answer

C

Explanation: The Unstructured Data Storage Function (UDSF) is a network function within the 5G Core's Common Data Layer. Its specific purpose is to store and retrieve unstructured data, which is data that does not conform to the standardized, structured data models defined by 3GPP. This function is optional and complements the Unified Data Repository (UDR), which is responsible for storing standardized data such as user subscription profiles and policy information. The UDSF provides a flexible storage solution for any Network Function (NF) that needs to persist non-standardized data, such as vendor-specific or application-specific information.

Question 7

What are the benefits of traffic engineering in Transport networks? (Choose three.)

Accepted Answer

B, C, D

Explanation: Traffic Engineering (TE) in transport networks, particularly using technologies like MPLS-TE, provides several key benefits. Its primary function is to optimize the utilization of network resources by steering traffic along paths that may not be the default shortest path chosen by an IGP. This explicit path control, or traffic steering (C), prevents congestion on certain links while others are underutilized, leading to better utilization of network capacity (B). Furthermore, TE significantly enhances resiliency (D) by enabling mechanisms like Fast Reroute (FRR), which pre-establishes backup paths to provide sub-50ms restoration in the event of a link or node failure, ensuring high service availability.

Question 8

Which of the following statements about Network Slicing are correct? (Choose three.)

Accepted Answer

A, B, C

Explanation: Network slicing is a key 5G architecture concept that enables the creation of multiple unique, logical, and virtualized end-to-end networks over a common physical infrastructure. Each slice is an isolated, independent network instance (A) tailored for a specific application or service. This customization allows for the allocation of specific network and computing resources (C) and the enforcement of unique Quality of Service (QoS) parameters, such as guaranteed bandwidth, latency, and reliability, to meet the distinct requirements of the service running on that slice (B). This approach allows a single physical network to efficiently support diverse services with vastly different performance needs, from massive IoT to ultra-reliable low-latency communications.

Question 9

What is the maximum distance of an Edge Cloud from end-user?

Accepted Answer

D

Explanation: The Edge Cloud is architecturally defined by its proximity to the end-user, which is essential for delivering ultra-low latency services required by applications like 5G URLLC, AR/VR, and industrial automation. Official Nokia technical documentation and industry standards place the Edge Cloud within a few hundred kilometers of the user. This placement ensures round-trip time (RTT) latency is kept below 10 milliseconds. Distances greater than this, such as 1,000 km, are characteristic of Regional Clouds, which represent a different tier in the distributed cloud hierarchy with higher latency profiles (10-20 ms RTT).

Question 10

Which of the following drive 5G low latency? (Choose two.)

Accepted Answer

B, D

Explanation: 5G achieves ultra-low latency through a combination of radio access network (RAN) enhancements and core network architectural changes. A lower Time Transmission Interval (TTI) is a key RAN feature in 5G New Radio (NR). By using flexible numerology and mini-slots, the time required to schedule and transmit data over the air is drastically reduced compared to 4G LTE, directly lowering air-interface latency. Concurrently, Edge Clouds, implementing Multi-access Edge Computing (MEC), bring application processing and services from centralized data centers to the network edge, closer to the end-user. This significantly cuts down the round-trip time by minimizing data travel distance through the backhaul and core network, which is crucial for latency-sensitive applications.

Free Nokia BL00100-101-E Actual Exam Questions