Question 1

Which statement is correct regarding the use of exploratory testing for safety critical systems? SELECT ONE OPTION

Accepted Answer

D

Explanation: Exploratory testing is recommended for low-risk levels only when considering safety-critical systems. The correct response is option D. Safety-Critical Considerations: For safety-critical systems, where failures can result in severe consequences, structured and well-planned testing strategies are generally prioritized to ensure comprehensive coverage and risk mitigation. Role of Exploratory Testing: Exploratory testing can be effective in low-risk scenarios within safety- critical systems by providing a method to quickly identify obvious issues without the constraints of scripted testing. However, it is not typically recommended for higher risk areas due to its less systematic nature and potential for missing critical test cases. This approach ensures that while innovation and spontaneous testing are employed, they do not compromise the safety and rigorous validation required in critical system components .

Question 2

Which of the following are activities that the Technical Test Analyst performs when setting up a test
automation project?
1. Schedule the manual testing
2. Define interface requirements between tools
3. Perform a code review on the functional specifications
4. Determine whether to use a rule-dnven approach
5. Tram the test analysts to use and supply the data

Accepted Answer

D

Explanation: In setting up a test automation project, the Technical Test Analyst performs activities such as defining interface requirements between tools and training the test analysts to use and supply the data. These activities are crucial for ensuring that the automation tools are effectively integrated and that the team is capable of utilizing these tools efficiently​​.

Question 3

Which of the following can be executed by model-based testing tools?

Accepted Answer

A

Explanation: Model-based testing tools are specifically designed to simulate and verify various computational models, including finite state machines (FSM). FSMs are a core part of model-based testing, allowing the definition of system behavior under different inputs and states. Model-based testing tools use these machines to ensure that all states and transitions are covered during testing, providing a systematic approach to test automation and validation​​.

Question 4

Consider the simplified logic below for crediting money to a bank account.
Receive money and account number to be credited
IF account number is valid
IF customer account is active
Store current account balance as oldBalance
Credit money to account
IF oldBalance < zero IF balance now >= zero
Set message "Overdraft cleared"
ELSE
Set message "A/c overdrawn"
ENDIF
ELSE
Set message = "You have more money"
ENDIF
IF account holder is VIP customer
Send message by email to customer
ENDIF
ELSE
Set message "A/c inactive"
Send message by email to supervisor
ENDIF
ELSE
Add 1 to count of invalid inputs
ENDIF
What is the minimum quantity of test cases that will give 100% statement coverage?

Accepted Answer

D

Explanation: To determine the minimum quantity of test cases that will give 100% statement coverage, we need to ensure that each executable statement in the code is executed at least once. Let's analyze the code step by step to identify the necessary paths: Valid account number and active account: Crediting money to the account. Old balance = zero (overdraft cleared). VIP customer: message sent by email. Valid account number and active account: Crediting money to the account. Old balance = zero. VIP customer: message sent by email. Valid account number but inactive account: Set message "A/c inactive". Send message by email to supervisor. Invalid account number: Add to the count of invalid inputs. Considering these scenarios, we can see that the minimum number of test cases to cover all statements is three: Path with a valid, active account, old balance = zero, and VIP customer. Path with a valid, active account, old balance >= zero, and non-VIP customer. Path with an inactive account or invalid account number. Therefore, the correct answer is D. 3.

Question 5

When conducting a data flow analysis of following section of pseudo code:
Declare C, F, Z Decimal
Set Z = 32
Read F
SetC = (F-Z) * 5/9
Free C, F. Z
Print F
Which of the variables utilized above has a potential anomalie?

Accepted Answer

D

Explanation: Analyzing the given pseudocode for potential anomalies in data flow: Declare C, F, Z Decimal Set Z = 32 Read F Set C = (F-Z) * 5/9 Free C, F, Z Print F The potential anomaly is with variable F. It is used after being freed, which typically indicates an error in managing the variable's lifecycle within the code. Explanation: Freeing a variable typically indicates that it is no longer available for use, but F is used after this operation, which could result in undefined behavior or errors. Reference: Data flow analysis as part of static analysis techniques in the ISTQB CTAL-TTA materials emphasizes identifying such lifecycle issues in variable management.

Question 6

What is the purpose of an HTML checker?

Accepted Answer

A

Explanation: The purpose of an HTML checker is to verify compliance with standards. This tool ensures that the HTML code of a web application adheres to the defined web standards, which is crucial for cross- browser compatibility, proper rendering, and avoiding common coding errors​​.

Question 7

Installability testing is usually conducted during which stage in the application's SDLC and usually includes which other types of testing?

Accepted Answer

A

Explanation: Installability testing is usually conducted during the System Testing stage of the SDLC. It typically includes testing the installation process of the software to verify that it installs correctly across various systems and configurations. This type of testing often overlaps with functionality testing to ensure all functions are available post-installation, and usability testing to ensure that the installation process is intuitive and user-friendly. Explanation: System testing encompasses a broad spectrum of testing practices intended to validate the software in its entirety, ensuring it meets the specified requirements and is ready for operation. Reference: According to the ISTQB CTAL-TTA materials, installability testing is part of system testing, with a specific focus on the ease and correctness of the software installation process.

Question 8

Consider the code fragment provided below: https://kxbjsyuhceggsyvxdkof.supabase.co/storage/v1/object/public/file-images/ISTQB_CTAL-TTA/page_20_img_1.jpg How many test cases are needed for the code fragment lines 26 - 37 to achieve 100% modified condition/decision coverage?

Accepted Answer

B

Explanation: Modified condition/decision coverage (MC/DC) requires each condition in a decision to be shown to independently affect the decision's outcome. For the code fragment provided, we have three independent conditions that need to be evaluated both as true and false. The minimum number of test cases needed to satisfy MC/DC for three conditions is four, which would allow each condition to be shown to independently affect the outcome of the decision.

Question 9

What is the earliest stage in the application's SDLC at which performance efficiency testing can be performed?

Accepted Answer

A

Explanation: The earliest stage in the application's SDLC at which performance efficiency testing can be performed is during requirements analysis. At this stage, performance requirements and goals are established, providing a baseline for what needs to be tested and verified throughout the later stages of development​​.

Question 10

Within the world of consumer electronics, the amount of embedded software is growing rapidly. The
amount of software in high-end television sets has increased by a factor of about eight over the last
six years. In addition, the market of consumer electronics has been faced with a 5 -10% price erosion
per year. The price of a product is, among a number of other things, determined by the
microcontroller used. Therefore, the use of ROM and RAM remains under high pressure in consumer
electronic products, leading to severe restrictions on code size.
Within a new high-end TV project, it has been decided to apply dynamic analysis.
Which of the quality goals listed below is MOST appropriate to the project context?

Accepted Answer

D

Explanation: In the context of consumer electronics, where there is rapid growth in embedded software and pressure to minimize code size due to cost constraints, dynamic analysis can be particularly useful for improving system performance. Dynamic analysis involves examining the system's behavior during execution, which can provide insights into the efficiency of the code at runtime, memory utilization, and processing speed. In a high-end TV project where the use of ROM and RAM is under severe restrictions, dynamic analysis would be most appropriately applied to improve system performance, ensuring that the software runs efficiently within the available hardware resources. This supports the project context by contributing to the optimization of the software to run within the constraints of the microcontroller used, thereby potentially reducing costs.

Question 11

Consider the following control flow graph: https://kxbjsyuhceggsyvxdkof.supabase.co/storage/v1/object/public/file-images/ISTQB_CTAL-TTA/page_28_img_1.jpg The control flow represents a software component of a car navigation system. Within the project the maximum cyclomatic complexity to be allowed is set at 5. Which of the following statements is correct?

Accepted Answer

D

Explanation: Cyclomatic complexity is a measure of the number of linearly-independent paths through a program's source code, which is often used as a measure of the complexity of a program. The control flow graph provided represents the logic of a software component and has more than 5 nodes with decision points, indicating that the complexity would exceed the maximum allowed value of 5. The calculation for cyclomatic complexity is V(G) = E - N + 2P, where E is the number of edges, N is the number of nodes, and P is the number of connected components. In this case, the calculated cyclomatic complexity exceeds the allowed threshold, thus a defect should be reported.

Question 12

You are working on a new product that will provide an online pizza ordering service. Not everyone
wants to create a frequent-eater pizza account, so the user can either log in to their existing account,
create an account or proceed as a “guest" user. People with existing accounts have the option to
update their accounts including changing address, changing credit card information and changing
phone number. New account creation requires the user to enter their address, credit card
information and phone number. This information Is validated to be sure the address matches the
credit card information.
Once the user logs in, they are able to order their pizz
a. They can request up to five different pizzas and can select different ingredients on each. A user is
allowed to pick up to 10 different ingredients per pizza. They can also select from a pre-defined set of
ingredients as follows: “meat lovers", “all veggie’, “cheese please’, and “throw it all on".
The busiest day of the year for this product will be the day of the final football game of the
professional season. In addition to the normal high load, the company will also be running a special
on the “cheese please" pizza (buy 3 get 2 more free). The new product will need to handle a load that
Is expected to be twice as high as the load on the old product last year. Given this information, what
is an important item that should be addressed In the architectural specification?

Accepted Answer

A

Explanation: Considering the high load expected on the busiest day, particularly with a promotional offer like “buy 3 get 2 more free” on a pizza, addressing transaction concurrency in the architectural specifications is crucial. This ensures the system can handle multiple and simultaneous user transactions efficiently without data loss or service degradation. Proper handling of transaction concurrency is essential to maintain system integrity and responsiveness during peak times, which is a critical requirement for the online pizza ordering system on such a high-traffic day.

Question 13

Which of the following statements about performance testing tools is NOT correct?

Accepted Answer

C

Explanation: The statement about performance testing tools that is NOT correct is that they typically drive the application by simulating user interaction at the graphical user interface (GUI) level to more accurately measure response times. In practice, performance testing tools often simulate user interactions at a protocol or service level rather than the GUI level. This approach allows the tools to generate a high load by simulating many virtual users, which would be challenging to achieve with GUI-level interactions due to the higher resource consumption and slower execution speed associated with GUI automation. Performance testing tools are designed to assess the performance of a system under a particular load and are not primarily focused on the user interface. They simulate multiple users accessing the system simultaneously, which helps in identifying bottlenecks, understanding the system's behavior under load, and determining how the system scales with increasing load. The tools typically simulate user requests to the server, bypassing the GUI to directly test the backend, APIs, or other service endpoints. This method allows for more efficient and scalable testing, enabling the simulation of thousands of users without the overhead of rendering the GUI.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the reason why poorly written code is usually more difficult to maintain than well written code?

Accepted Answer

C

Explanation: Poorly written code often lacks clarity, consistency, and may not follow best practices, making it harder to understand and maintain. When code is not well-structured or logically organized, identifying the source of bugs or understanding how changes might affect system behavior becomes more difficult. This issue is compounded when developers other than the original author need to work on the code, as they may struggle to interpret the intended functionality and interdependencies without clear, readable code.

Question 15

Which statement correctly describes service virtualization’’ SELECT ONE OPTION

Accepted Answer

A

Explanation: Service virtualization is used in test environments to simulate the behaviors, data, and performance characteristics of dependent systems that are not available for testing due to limitations such as cost, access, or complexity. This allows for more thorough testing of the product under test in a controlled, stable environment that mimics real-world conditions without the need for actual live systems .

Free ISTQB CTAL-TTA Actual Exam Questions